MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS & TECHNOLOGY
ANDROID STUDIO
FLUTTER
2. DESKTOP APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PHP ADMIN
BLUE J
JAVASCRIPT
VISUAL PARADIGM
3. PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES
TOOLS & TECHNOLOGY USED
APACHE NETBEANS
JAVAFX
SCENE BUILDER
INTRODUCTION
The internet's expansion and continual tech changes greatly affect people. Nowadays, most folks can access the internet, which has lots of information. But finding what you need can be hard. Esther’s Restaurant is a popular local eatery situated in Kumasi, Ghana, known for its cozy environment and offering local Ghanaian cuisine and drinks. With a seating capacity of approximately 200 and 40 tables across 10 rooms, the restaurant caters to a diverse clientele, including families, students, and adults. Currently, the restaurant operates without a computerized system, relying solely on manual processes for managing operations and storing data, which often leads to inefficiencies and difficulties in accessing information. In the fast-paced hospitality industry, good management systems are crucial for smooth restaurant operations. "Esther's Kitchen Restaurant Management System" is designed to make daily tasks easier, improve customer service, and use resources wisely. However, address these challenges, a new computerized system called the Restaurant Management System will be developed. This new system aims to centralize data storage in a database server, allowing for more efficient management of restaurant operations. By automating tasks and providing a user-friendly interface, the system will enhance operational controls and streamline processes. Additionally, it will alleviate the burdens associated with manual data tracking and storage, improving overall efficiency and effectiveness.
Background of Esther’s Kitchen Restaurant
Esther's Kitchen, established in 1998, is a beloved local eatery known for its outstanding dining experiences, focusing on quality, service, and culinary creativity. Located in Ghana, West Africa, the restaurant staff prides themselves on creating a welcoming atmosphere where guests feel valued and cared for. Their commitment to innovation shines through in every dish, as they constantly explore new flavours, techniques, and presentations. With a user-friendly interface and comprehensive features, Esther's Kitchen simplifies order processing, inventory management, and staff scheduling. It accommodates local languages and celebrates Ghanaian culinary traditions, enabling restaurants to showcase their cultural heritage. By adopting Esther's Kitchen, restaurant owners and managers can boost efficiency, cut costs, and elevate customer satisfaction. The system's data analytics capabilities offer valuable insights for personalized offerings and marketing strategies.
Currently, the restaurant business is growing because more people want to eat out. According to Ghotchkiss L. (2023), "our area is full of restaurants, so they are our competitors." To compete, we need to offer better quality, service, and prices. Doing things by hand causes lots of problems and mistakes, like slow service and getting orders wrong. This project aims to fix that by creating a computerized ordering system. Nowadays, computers are essential for businesses. They give us accurate information quickly. Restaurant management thinks using computers will make things better and help us make more money.
The project will include the following components of Esther’s Kitchen Management System:
1. Learn about the current system.
2. Plan and create the right computerized system.
3. Make the restaurant work better.
4. Give correct and consistent information.
5. Cut down on mistakes from doing things by hand.
6. Save money by using computers instead of doing everything manually.
7. Localizing the system in Ghana West Africa
8. To enhance customer satisfaction is one of the main goals.
1.2 Scope of Project
a. The system can generate receipt after ordering.
b. The system can manage operating expenses effectively.
c. The system can handle orders and automatically generate bills.
d. The system can maintain records of reservations and billing transactions.
1.3 DELIVERABLES
All project deliverables are followed below.
1) Project introduction
a) Background of the project
b) Aims and objectives.
2) Description of the existing system
I. System Specification
II. Data flow diagram
III. ERD (Entity relationship diagram)
a. System designing
b. Data dictionary
1.5 Project Plan
The project is expected to take about four months to complete (view Fig.1.1 Planning of Esther’s Restaurant Management System). It includes three main tasks: analysing the current system, designing the new system, and implementing the new system.
Fig. 1.1. Project Plan of Esther’s Restaurant Management System.
2. Existing Business Functions for Esther Kitchen
The restaurant is run by my family and hired staffs, overseeing production, service, and accounting. A manager assists in customer service and general matters. In customer service, three staffs supervise receptions and waiters, who handle reservations, seating, order-taking, and serving. The cuisine department has two sections: one for cooking Ghanaian and other local dishes in the kitchen, and another for seafood cooked outside the kitchen. Accounting and administration are managed by the chief accountant, who oversees both financial and administrative tasks, as well as cashier supervision. In the current system for ordering and billing, the process is straightforward. When a customer places an order, the waiter jots it down on a note. This note is then passed to the cashier, who transfers the order onto an official form labelled with the table number, keeping the original note for reference. One copy of the order form goes to the kitchen or beverage area for preparation, while another copy stays on the table. A third copy is filed away in the order book. When a customer requests the bill, the waiter brings the order to the cashier. The cashier checks the original order, calculates the total using a calculator, and prepares the bill. Once payment is received, the cashier issues a receipt manually, giving the original to the customer and keeping a copy. This system ensures clear communication and efficient billing processes.
The context diagram and data flow diagram for the current system are displayed.
Fig.2.1 Organization Chart, Fig 2.2, and Fig. 2.3 below.
Fig.2.1 Organization Chart
Fig.2.2. The Context Diagram of the Existing Business function
Fig 2.3 Level Data flow diagram of the existing business function
2.4 Current Problems and Areas for Improvement
The issues with the current system are as follows:
• Delays in service occur because they manually handle order forms and receipts, leading to customer complaints.
• Human errors are common due to the manual nature of the system.
• Data is stored on paper, making it hard to maintain and ensure consistency.
• Generating reliable and consistent reports takes a lot of time.
2.3.2 Areas to Improve:
1. Store restaurant data in a central database for easy access.
2. Use standard preformatted forms and reports for consistency.
3. Implement network architecture to facilitate data sharing.
4. Enhance system maintenance and security to safeguard the database and restrict access to authorized users.
5. It is important to think about keeping the system safe and up to date to make sure the database is correct and secure. Only people with permission should be able to use the system.
THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.0 The System Specification
3.1.1 Users Requirement
The Restaurant Management System aims to fulfil user needs in the following ways:
Ordering Process
Orders are sent to the server, where they are assigned a unique order number and time of placement. Subsequently, orders are forwarded to the kitchen for preparation.
Billing Process
When a customer requests to settle their bill, the order details are sent to the server. The system electronically calculates the total bill amount and displays the ordered items on the screen. A printed copy of the bill is then provided to the customer for their records.
Data Update Feature
The manager could adjust the restaurant's policies based on analysis. This includes modifying the menu, updating prices, or implementing special pricing.
Maintenance Feature
The system ensures smooth operations for adding, deleting, and updating member details, employee information, and menu items.
Security Feature
The system includes a login function where each staff member is assigned a unique password by the manager. Only the manager has access to all parts of the system, while different staff logins grant access to specific sections.
Data Modelling
In this project, I will use different models to understand user needs better. We start with data modelling, which helps me organize and document system data clearly. However, a specific notation called entity-relationship diagram for the data model. Which can find a detailed representation of the fully attributed data model in Figure 3.1. In this section, a model called a data flow diagram is introduced to show how data moves and tasks are performed in a system. A data flow diagram (Figure 3.3) to break down the system's functions from top to bottom. A context diagram (Figure 3.2) defines the system's scope and main interfaces with the environment. Additionally, a develop data flow diagrams for each level (Figures 3.4) will illustrate the context of individual events within the system.
Fig. 3.3 Level Data Flow Diagram
Fig 3.4. A Proposed system context diagram
Literature Review
4.1. Key Findings
Following the previous analysis of my mother’s restaurant, Esther's kitchen has identified significant strengths in their current system management. Their strong emphasis on delivering quality and exceptional customer service is reflected in the positive feedback from customers and consistently high satisfaction rates. “This ensure the ability to maintain consistency, which is a key strength for any business” (Clifton, D.O., & Harter, J.K. 2003). They also focus on sustainability and engaging with the community, which makes people think highly of them. But there are some things they could do better. Esther's Kitchen could improve how they manage their supplies to make sure everything is accurate and to use resources better. They could also make their staff schedules better to make employees happier and to make things run smoother. Moreover, they can be more creative in using technology, especially for things like analysing data and managing relationships with customers. To fix these problems and make their system even better, I suggest a few important steps. Esther's Kitchen should use more advanced technology to make their systems work better. Having thorough training for employees will help them use the new systems to the fullest. Using tools to analyse data will help make smarter decisions and give customers a more personalized experience. To make sure everything goes smoothly, I recommend taking it step by step, starting with the most important things to avoid too much disruption. However clear timelines for each step, showing what needs to be done and when. And she needs to think about how much money she will need for the new technology, training, and anything else needed. Keeping an eye on things and checking how well everything is working is important. We need to decide on some important measures that match our goals, like making transactions faster, fixing inventory mistakes, and making customers happier. I should check regularly how I am doing and ask for feedback so I can keep getting better. Therefore, I need to be ready to change with the industry and use new technology to stay ahead of other businesses.
4.2 Customer Preference
After talking to my family and a lot of customers and studying how happy they are with Esther's Kitchen, I have come up with a plan for a new online management system. However, I learned a lot from customers about what they like, what is bothering them, and what they expect. By focusing on what customers want, making a system that fixes problems now and can handle what customers will want in the future. A new online system will make things work better, make customers happier, and help Esther's Kitchen do even better overall. According to research by (Correa and Hansen,2014), the services sector is important in the global economy. To do well in this competitive world, business owners need to make sure they give good service. People expect a lot more now, and they often talk about their experiences on social media and the internet. Fadel and Regis Filho in (2009) said that to know if a service is good, you must look at both facts and what people feel. So, managers need to know what customers expect first before they can make things better. On the other hand, OLIVER (1981) describes “satisfaction as how you feel when what you expected matches what you got when you buy something”. And OLIVER (1993) says it is the overall feeling you get from using what you bought. These definitions show that satisfaction is seen in different ways in how people feel about what they buy. However, managers need to know what customers expect first to plan and make things better in the company. In a different view, OLIVER (1981) says satisfaction is when you feel a certain way because of what you got, mixed with your feelings about it. OLIVER (1993) says it's the whole feeling you get after using something. These ideas give different views on what satisfaction means for customers.
Fig 4.3- Reason for using the restaurant from feedback and views from clients.
Almost half of the customers surveyed preferred dining in the restaurant mainly because of the food quality, as shown in Fig-4.3. Following this, 23.6% of customers pointed out staffing as the second significant factor affecting their decision. Moreover, over 10% of respondents mentioned the restaurant's tradition and overall ambiance, including factors like comfort and a family-friendly environment, as reasons for their dining preferences. Additionally, 5.2% of customers indicated discomfort with the old manual system.
4.4. Customer Satisfaction
Through thorough interviews and satisfaction analysis at Esther's Kitchen, a comprehensive plan for creating a new online management system has surfaced. Direct feedback from customers has shed light on crucial areas needing improvement, offering invaluable insights into preferences, pain points, and expectations. This customer-focused strategy lays the groundwork for designing a system that not only tackles present operational hurdles but also foresees and adapts to the changing demands of both the restaurant and its clientele. The upcoming online management system is positioned to boost efficiency, enrich customer experiences, and bolster the overall prosperity of Esther's Kitchen. According to research by Correa and Hansen (2014), the global economy places considerable importance on the services sector. To succeed in this competitive environment, entrepreneurs need to prioritize providing excellent service, especially with growing consumer expectations and the widespread use of social media and online platforms to voice opinions about service experiences. Fadel and Regis Filho (2009) further emphasize that evaluating service quality requires considering both objective and subjective factors.
5.0. Literature Review
5.0.1 KEY FINDINGS
From past analysis one major strength of their current system and using a manual-based system at Esther's Kitchen is its simplicity and ease of use. It does not rely on complex technology or software, making it accessible to all staff members. Additionally, manual systems often require less initial investment compared to digital alternatives, reducing upfront costs for the restaurant. Moreover, manual systems can be more flexible and customizable to the specific needs of the restaurant, allowing for greater adaptability and control. Furthermore, manual systems are less susceptible to technical failures or cybersecurity threats, minimizing the risk of disruptions to daily operations. Their dedication to quality and customer service shines through in the positive feedback they receive from customers and their high satisfaction scores. As (Clifton & Harter 2003) “put it, strength means being able to consistently deliver excellence”. Moreover, my mother’s restaurant is dedicated to sustainability efforts and engaging with the community, which boosts their reputation even more. Still, there are areas where they can improve. Esther's Kitchen could refine their inventory management for better accuracy and resource use. They might also enhance staff scheduling to increase employee satisfaction and operational efficiency. Furthermore, there's potential for innovation in integrating technology, especially in data analytics and customer relationship management. To address these areas and improve their system management, I suggest taking the following actions. Esther's Kitchen should upgrade its technology to boost efficiency. Providing thorough employee training will ensure they make the most of these new systems. Using data analytics tools will help make smarter decisions and offer personalized service to customers. To make sure these changes go smoothly, I suggest a step-by-step approach, focusing on the most important areas first to minimize disruptions. It's crucial to set clear timelines for each step, including key milestones and what resources are needed. Regular monitoring and evaluation are key. Defining specific performance goals and regularly checking progress against them will help identify areas for improvement. Lastly, staying adaptable to changes in the industry and new technologies will keep Esther's Kitchen ahead of the competition. Following these suggestions will help Esther's Kitchen enhance its system management and continue delivering excellent dining experiences for its customers.
5.1. Localizing System to Africa (Ghana)
Fig.5.1.1 A Logo striving to capture the heart of hospitality and the diverse culinary heritage of Africa.
Adapting software for West Africa, specifically in Ghana-Kumasi, requires a deep understanding of the region's unique cultural, linguistic, and operational nuances. Language adaptation, like translating software elements into languages like Akan, is crucial. It's also important to consider cultural aspects, such as incorporating familiar images and colours, to connect with local users. Integrating payment methods like mobile money and local currency formats is essential to fit local practices. Customization options for menus and inventory should reflect the diverse culinary landscape of West Africa, accommodating different portion sizes and regional dishes. Similarly, it's crucial to comply with local regulations, especially regarding data protection and taxation, to ensure smooth operations and legal adherence. It's important to make sure the software works well on mobile phones since most people in the region use them. Training materials should be easy to understand and available in the local language, with customer support also in the same language and adjusted to the local time. Talking to people in the community for feedback and working with local businesses makes the software fit better in West Africa and helps Ghana-Kumasi's tech scene grow. By paying attention to all these things, the software can fit right in and be easy for everyone to use.
Strategic Edge: Expanding Target Audiences in the Digital Landscape of West Africa
Restaurants in West Africa, especially in Ghana, are increasingly adopting online restaurant management systems. With more people using smartphones and the internet, customers prefer these systems for convenience. By connecting with online restaurant management systems, restaurants can streamline their operations, improve customer experience, and reach more people. These systems let customers easily view menus, order food, make reservations, and give feedback from their devices. This saves time and reduces the need for physical menus and paperwork. It benefits both customers and restaurant owners. For your client, integrating with these systems offers many advantages. They can attract tech-savvy customers who prefer online platforms, gain new customers, and build loyalty. Plus, these systems provide valuable data to help make smart business decisions, like tracking preferences and analysing sales trends. This data-driven approach can boost efficiency, cut costs, and increase profits. Overall, using online restaurant management systems in West Africa, especially in Ghana, is changing how people dine out, offering exciting opportunities for your client to grow in the competitive restaurant industry.
5.2. Market Research
YOLO POS
Fig.5.2.1 image of Yolo (tech in Africa,2019)
Yolo Restaurant Management System is a comprehensive software solution designed to streamline the operations of restaurants in Ghana. With its user-friendly interface and robust features, Yolo helps restaurant owners effectively manage various aspects of their business. One of its key features is inventory management, allowing users to track stock levels, monitor ingredient usage, and automate reordering processes to prevent stockouts. Yolo also offers point-of-sale (POS) functionality, enabling seamless transactions and efficient order processing. Additionally, the system includes staff scheduling capabilities, allowing managers to create and manage employee schedules easily. Yolo's reporting tools provide valuable insights into sales trends, customer preferences, and employee performance, helping restaurant owners make informed decisions to optimize their operations. Furthermore, Yolo Restaurant Management System is cloud-based, offering flexibility and accessibility for users to access the system from anywhere with an internet connection. This cloud-based approach also ensures data security and backup, safeguarding critical restaurant information. With its comprehensive features and user-friendly interface, Yolo Restaurant Management System is a valuable tool for restaurants in Ghana to improve efficiency, enhance customer experiences, and drive business growth.
RestoPos
Fig.5.3 Image of Resto (pinterest.com)
RestoPOS is a versatile restaurant management system tailored for businesses in Ghana. It boasts an intuitive interface and robust functionalities to streamline restaurant operations effectively. One standout feature of RestoPOS is its inventory management module, allowing users to monitor stock levels, track ingredient usage, and automate reordering processes to prevent shortages. The system also includes powerful point-of-sale (POS) capabilities, facilitating smooth transactions and efficient order processing. Moreover, RestoPOS offers comprehensive staff scheduling tools, enabling managers to create and manage employee schedules effortlessly. Its reporting features provide valuable insights into sales trends, customer preferences, and staff performance, empowering restaurant owners to make data-driven decisions. Additionally, RestoPOS is cloud-based, ensuring accessibility from any location with internet connectivity while maintaining data security and backup measures. With its user-friendly interface and extensive features, RestoPOS is an asset for restaurants in Ghana seeking to optimize operations, enhance customer satisfaction, and drive business success.
YOCO POS
Fig.5.4 Image of Yoco (tech in Africa, 2021)
Positioning
Yoco is a fintech company from South Africa, specializing in payment solutions for small businesses. They mainly operate in South Africa, providing POS systems, card readers, and other payment services. These tools help small businesses, especially in retail and services, accept card payments and handle transactions better. With a focus on market research, Yoco stays updated on the fintech industry. They prioritize understanding the financial technology landscape to improve their services and meet customer needs effectively.
Target
Yoco uses market research to adapt and innovate its offerings by analysing global and local trends in digital payments, contactless transactions, and mobile payment solutions. Understanding target markets, preferences, and financial behaviours helps customize services for businesses and consumers. This includes considering factors like business size, industry sector, and payment challenges. Competitive analysis is also crucial, as it allows Yoco to identify strengths and weaknesses of competitors, monitor emerging fintech players, and stay updated on regulatory changes. By incorporating these insights, Yoco can effectively position itself in the market and meet the evolving needs of its customers.
6.0. TECHNOLOGY AND TOOLS USED FOR THE PROGRAME ARTIFACT
In the domain of local restaurant management systems, recent advancements, tools, technologies, and methods are transforming how establishments function and serve their customers. As a result, the technology, and tools to be utilized are outlined in the table below:
TECHNOLOGY & TOOLS USED FOR THE PROJECT | FUNCTIONS |
i. VISUAL STUDIO | ü It will offer me a plethora of tools, streamlined collaboration, and support for multiple languages, ensuring efficiency and productivity throughout the project lifecycle. |
ii. CODE ACADEMY | ü Engaging in this practical experience will deepen my grasp of coding languages and concepts, providing an effective avenue for the development of tangible coding skills. |
iii. GOOGLE CHROME | ü Research books, website and downloads if needed |
iv. YOUTUBE | ü To view videos and acquire insights if needed. |
v. CSS | ü The utilization of modularity not only results in time savings but also guarantees a consistent and unified design across the entire project. This enhances my overall experience and simplifies the development process. |
vi. C# & .NET FRAMEWORK | ü Development of Windows desktop applications using the .NET framework. C# is particularly well-suited for creating robust and interactive applications that run on the project Windows operating system. |
Fig. 6.1.1. Tools & Tech used in the project artifact illustrated in table.
THE PROJECT GANTT CHART
Fig.6.1.3. Image of Gannt Chart of Revised Time Management Progress
The Gantt chart shows the project plan for Esther Kitchen's restaurant management system. It starts with creating the code, which includes software development and implementing functionalities. Task 3 focuses on developing the software for the restaurant system by writing the necessary code and adding required features. Task 5 involves testing the software to ensure it functions correctly and can handle various situations Task 7.
6.2. Valuable Literature Review and Market Research
Examining literature and conducting market research greatly benefited my reflective report in multiple ways. Firstly, reviewing existing literature offered valuable insights from previous studies and research findings relevant to my topic, providing a solid foundation for my own exploration. This helped me understand what has already been studied and identified gaps in knowledge. Additionally, market research provided crucial information on current market trends, customer preferences, and industry competitors in Africa. This understanding enabled me to identify potential opportunities and challenges, guiding my decision-making process. Furthermore, both literature review and market research allowed me to place my own experiences within a broader context, facilitating meaningful conclusions and recommendations in the reflective report. Overall, integrating findings from literature review and market research enriched the report, offering a comprehensive analysis and informed insights into my project or topic.
6.3. Analysing on Logo Design for the Project
Fig.6.1.4 Main artifact Logo for My mother’s restaurant
Adding my family's cultural logo design to the restaurant management system in Ghana is meaningful for several reasons. Firstly, it celebrates our heritage, making both customers and staff proud. Secondly, it makes our restaurant unique, helping it stand out and attract more customers. Additionally, involving my family in the design process ensures the logo reflects our values and traditions, making our business authentic. Overall, integrating the cultural logo strengthens our brand and makes dining at our restaurant a culturally enriching experience for everyone.
ESTHER’S KICTHEN LOCAL GHANAIAN CUISINE
AUTHENTIC GHANA JOLLOF RICE  | GOBE (GARI & BEANS)  | TILAPIA & KENKEY  |
BANKU & TILAPIA  |
EGG PLANT STEW & PLANTAIN  |
FUFU AND BUSH MEAT  SOUP |
Fig.6.1.5 AUTHENTIC LOCAL GHANAIAN CUISINE AT ESTHER’S KITCHEN
At Esther's Kitchen Restaurant, they take pride in offering an authentic taste of Ghana with our diverse range of local cuisine. The menu features classic dishes that showcase the rich flavours and culinary traditions of Ghanaian cuisine. One of our signature dishes is Authentic Ghana Jollof Rice, a flavourful and aromatic rice dish cooked with tomatoes, onions, and a blend of spices. Each mouthful is a delightful burst of Savory goodness that captures the essence of Ghanaian home cooking. For those with a sweet tooth, our Local Puff is a must-try. These fluffy, deep-fried dough balls are a popular street food snack in Ghana, loved for their crispy exterior and soft, pillowy texture inside. They make for the perfect indulgent treat or dessert option. If you're in the mood for something heartier, our Fried Rice is sure to satisfy. Made with fragrant rice stir-fried with vegetables, eggs, and a touch of Ghanaian spices, it's a comforting and flavourful dish that pairs well with any main course. For a unique twist on a breakfast classic, try our Mashed Banana with Egg & Onions. This simple yet satisfying dish combines mashed ripe bananas with sautéed eggs and onions, creating a sweet and Savory flavour profile that's both comforting and nutritious. For a taste of Ghana's coastal cuisine, indulge in our Banku & Tilapia. Banku, a traditional Ghanaian dish made from fermented corn and cassava dough, is paired with grilled tilapia fish, and served with a side of spicy pepper sauce. It's a delicious and wholesome meal that captures the essence of Ghana's coastal flavours. Finally, our Fufu and Bush Meat Soup is a hearty and authentic dish that's not to be missed. Fufu, a staple in Ghanaian cuisine, is made from boiled and mashed plantains and cassava, and served with a flavourful bush meat soup made with assorted meats and vegetables. It's a true taste of Ghanaian comfort food that will leave you feeling satisfied and fulfilled. At Esther's Kitchen, we invite you to embark on a culinary journey through Ghana's vibrant flavours and culinary heritage with our authentic local cuisine. Each dish is lovingly prepared using traditional recipes and locally sourced ingredients, ensuring an unforgettable dining experience that celebrates the richness and diversity of Ghanaian cuisine.
ESTHER’S KICTHEN LOCAL GHANAIAN DRINKS AND BEER
GINGER & MILLET DRINK  |
Millet & MILK DRINK  | LOCAL MALT DRINK  |
GINGER AND LEMON DRINK  | SOBOLO DRINK  | TIGER NUT MILK DRINK  |
Fig.6.2.5 AUTHENTIC LOCAL GHANAIAN DRINKS AND BEER AT ESTHER’S KITCHEN
Esther's Kitchen, offer a delightful selection of local drinks that perfectly complement our authentic Ghanaian cuisine. Our lineup includes refreshing options that capture the essence of Ghana's vibrant beverage culture. For those looking to quench their thirst with a traditional favourite, our Palm Wine is a must-try. This light and slightly sweet drink is made from the sap of palm trees and is beloved for its refreshing taste and natural Flavors. Sip on a glass of Palm Wine to experience a true taste of Ghana's tropical paradise. If a customer is in the mood for something with a bit more kick, our Homemade Ginger Beer is sure to hit the spot. Made with fresh ginger, lemon juice, and a hint of spice, this fizzy and invigorating drink is perfect for cooling down on a hot day. It's a popular choice among locals and visitors alike, offering a refreshing burst of flavour with every sip. For those who prefer a classic beer, we also offer a selection of local and international brews to complement your meal. From crisp lagers to full-bodied ales, our beer menu features something for every palate. Sit back, relax, and enjoy a cold beer alongside your favourite Ghanaian dishes for the perfect dining experience. At Esther's Kitchen, they believe that great food should be paired with great drinks. Whether a customer craving a refreshing beverage to beat the heat or a cold beer to unwind after a long day, our selection of local drinks and beers has something for everyone. Cheers to good times and great flavours at Esther's Kitchen!
6.4. APPLICATION DESIGNING
CEO Mrs Esther Amponsah | REVIEW AND FEEDBACK |
Name: Esther Amponsah Age: 63 Gender: Female Location: Kumasi-Ghana Occupation: Chef & a businesswoman  |  |
|
|
MANAGER (EVELYN TUFFOUR)
Name: Evelyn Tuffour Age: 34 Gender: Female Location: Kumasi-Ghana Occupation: Entrepreneur & a Nurse  |
 |
STAFF (Emmanuel ASIEDU) | FEEDBACK |
Name: Emmanuel Asiedu Age: 38 Gender: Male Location: Kumasi-Ghana Occupation: Team leader of Esther’s Kitchen  |  |
CUSTOMER | Feedback |
Name: Handel Kwaku Age: 28 Gender: Male Location: Kumasi-Ghana Occupation: Medical Assistant  |  |
The process of Esther's Restaurant Management, embarked on the journey of designing our management app with a unique approach rooted in the ideas and feedback of my mother Esther, family, staff, and customers. Inspired by my mother's vision and fuelled by the collective input of our team and patrons, the app was meticulously crafted to meet the specific needs and preferences of our restaurant community. The initial spark for the app came from my mother's desire to streamline operations and enhance the overall dining experience for our customers. Drawing upon her years of experience in the industry, she envisioned a digital solution that would simplify tasks for our staff while providing added convenience and functionality for our guests. Throughout the design process, I actively solicited feedback from the staff members, who offered invaluable insights into their daily workflows and pain points. Their input helped shape the app's features and functionality, ensuring that it was intuitive and user-friendly for everyone in our restaurant team. Additionally, I sought input from our loyal customers, inviting them to share their thoughts and suggestions for how the app could improve their dining experience. Their feedback guided me in incorporating features such as online ordering, table reservations, dashboard, and cashiers’ management, which all aimed at enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. By leveraging the collective wisdom and creativity of my family, staff, and customers, I able to design a Restaurant Management System that truly reflects the values and spirit of Esther's Restaurant. It serves as a testament to our commitment to innovation, customer service, and continuous improvement, ensuring that Esther's remains a beloved destination for dining and hospitality for years to come.
APPLICATION OF DATABASE
Fig. 6.3.5 Database Connectivity Using MySQL Management Studio
Database connectivity for our project was established using MySQL Management Studio, a powerful and user-friendly tool for managing MySQL databases. This choice was made for its reliability, ease of use, and robust features, ensuring seamless integration with our project requirements. Through MySQL Management Studio, we were able to establish a secure and efficient connection to our database, allowing us to store, retrieve, and manage data with ease. However, SqlConnection connect = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\frede\Documents\esther.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30"); .This line of code establishes a SQL Connection object named "connect" to connect to a local SQL Server database named "esther.mdf" using Windows authentication. The "@" symbol denotes a verbatim string literal, allowing for easier readability of the connection string. This connection string specifies the data source, which is a local instance of SQL Server Express, and the database file path. Additionally, it sets the integrated security option to true for secure authentication. The Connect Timeout parameter specifies the time limit for establishing the connection. This code snippet is essential for the restaurant management system app creation, as it enables the app to establish a connection to the database and interact with its data.
Fig. 6.3.6 Creating data tables for products and users.
The query creates a table named "products" in the database with several columns to store product information. The "id" column serves as the primary key with auto-incremental values. Other columns include "prod_id" for product identification, "prod_name" for the product name, "prod_type" for the product type, "prod_stock" for the stock quantity, "prod_price" for the product price, "prod_status" for the product status, "prod_image" for the product image file path, and "date_insert", "date_update", and "date_delete" for the date records. This query is crucial for the restaurant management system app creation as it defines the structure of the "products" table where essential product information is stored, enabling efficient management and retrieval of product data within the application.
CREATE TABLE products
(
id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
prod_id VARCHAR(MAX) NULL,
prod_name VARCHAR(MAX) NULL,
prod_type VARCHAR(MAX) NULL,
prod_stock INT NULL,
prod_price FLOAT NULL,
prod_status VARCHAR(MAX) NULL,
prod_image VARCHAR(MAX) NULL,
date_insert DATE NULL,
date_update DATE NULL,
date_delete DATE NULL
).
7.0 ARTIFACT PLANNING
Fig.7.0. Image of Agile methodology (www.scrum.as/academy.php 2021)
The methodology provides a set of guidelines to enhance system development. There are different methodologies available for building a system, and the choice should be made based on the system's specific requirements. It's crucial to assess which methodology best fits the system's characteristics and goals. Opting for Agile methodology for your African restaurant project offers several advantages. Firstly, Agile allows flexibility and continual improvement, which is vital for restaurant management due to frequent changes. Secondly, it fosters collaboration and communication among owners, staff, and customers, ensuring everyone understands the goals and meets management requirements effectively. By adopting Agile, you can develop a high-quality website capable of adapting to future changes and delivering an exceptional user experience.
PROJECT SCHEDULE AND PLAN
WEEK NO. | TASKS | ALL PRIORITY |
1ST WEEK | To understand & state the project | MUST |
2ND WEEK | Project overview of all the requirements | SHOULD |
3RD WEEK | Designing every requirement diagrams. E.g. Use Case, Class & Activity diagram | MUST |
4TH WEEK | Designing Database | MUST |
5TH WEEK | Code starting | MUST |
6TH WEEK | Coding continuation | MUST |
7TH WEEK | Code finishing | SHOULD |
8TH WEEK | Report Submission | MUST |
Requirements Analysis
The situation involves a Restaurant System company that provides online services for managing my mother’s restaurant. The task for the student is to create software that handles all required functions. SQL Management Studio will be utilized to ensure data retrieval, efficient allocation, and secure storage within the database. Data related to customers, products, management, staff, admin, and trips will be stored. While the individual report does not require a GUI interface, it will include use case diagrams, class diagrams, and activity diagrams. Skeleton tables and entity relationship models will also be utilized. Operators will have the ability to add and modify data, as they have full control. Admins and staff must register and use a username and password for accessing the application.
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW, USABILITY REQUIREMENTS AND TECHNICAL (NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS)
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ERMS = ESTHER RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Requirement | Priority | |
1 | All clients must be able to register on ERMS | MUST |
2 | Client must be able to log in to ERMS | MUST |
3 | A customer must be able to log out of ERMS | COULD |
4 | An admi must be able log in to the ERMS | SHOULD |
5 | An administrator must be able to log out of the ERM | COULD |
6 | An administrator must be able to confirm a staff | SHOULD |
7 | An administrator must be able to view all staff members | SHOULD |
8 | An administrator must be able to view all table bookings | SHOULD |
9 | An administrator must be able to cancel a table booking | SHOULD |
10 | Cashier must be able to log in to ERMS | MUST |
11 | Cashier must be able to log out | SHOULD |
12 | Cashier must be able to view products | COULD |
13 | Cashier must add product and change price | COULD |
NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
REQ.NUMBER | REQUIREMENTS | PRIORITY |
1 | The ERM should run on a range of devices from tablets, laptops, and mobile phone.
| COULD |
2 | The ERM should process input and return results in 20 seconds | COULD |
3 | The ERMS design should be sufficiently scalable and flexible to allow for further future. enhancements | SHOULD |
4 | The ERMS users should not experience critical system failures. 99.0% ‘uptime’ should be achieved. | MUST
|
USABILITY REQUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENT NUMBER | ALL REQUIREMENTS | ALL PRIOITIES |
1 | The design artifact of ERMS should illustrate or demonstrate a credible understanding and evidence UI design bugs or issues e.g. Images, the use of colours, consistent form of layout contents and navigations | SHOULD |
2 | Esther’ Restaurant Management system (ERMS) must incorporate user centric design | COULD |
3 | Data entry forms for ERMS must be concise and user-friendly, ensuring easy completion, and should include entry validation to ensure accuracy. | MUST |
4 | The ERMS should feature straightforward and intuitive navigation for ease of use. | SHOULD |
5 | The TBS should adhere to Web Accessibility Standards, ensuring that text is easy to read and free from grammar/spelling errors. Language style should be appropriate and accessible to all users. | COULD |
6 | The application should maintain a clear and consistent layout across all screens. Style, layout, and content should be suitable for the application's intended purpose. | SHOULD |
MOSCOW NOTATION:
§ M = MUST
§ S = SHOULD
§ C= COULD
§ W = WON’T
7.2. DESIGN
THE USER CASE DIAGRAMS
In the Esther Restaurant Management system, there are five primary characters: Administrator, Clients, Chef, Waiter, and Cashier. Below, I have included a Use Case diagram illustrating their involvement. Additionally, a system-level diagram is provided, depicting the system and its functionality.
Fig 1: Esther Restaurant Management System- Use Case Diagram (Sea Level)
The image you’ve shared is a Use Case Diagram, which is a visual representation of a system’s functionality and how different users (actors) interact with it. Here’s a simplified explanation:
Actors: The diagram includes four main actors: the waiter, chef, client, and cashier. Each actor has specific roles and interactions with the system. Client Interactions: The client can order food or wine, which the waiter takes and passes to the chef or prepares to serve. After the client eats and drinks, they interact with the cashier to pay for their meal. Waiter’s Role: The waiter is central to the process, taking orders and serving both food and wine to the client. Chef’s Task: The chef is responsible for cooking the food once the waiter confirms the order. Payment Process: After the client has finished eating and drinking, the cashier handles the payment transactions for food and wine separately. This diagram helps to understand the flow of actions in a restaurant setting, making it clear who does what and when. It’s a tool for planning and improving restaurant operations, ensuring that each role is well-defined, and the process is efficient.
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
In this phase, you divide every task, analyse the steps in your system, outline what key users do, what the system shows in response to their actions, and picture what each user inputs and receives. This diagram displays all the choices and routes users can take when using the software.
Fig.2. Illustrates the actions and interactions of the actors in the activity diagram.
FISH LEVEL
This examines Flow Diagram for the Restaurant Management System offers a thorough insight into how information moves throughout the establishment. It visually presents the connections between essential elements like customers, kitchen personnel, inventory, and the ordering procedure.
Fig.3. illustrates a high-level diagram from the customer's perspective.
CLASS DIAGRAM
Class diagrams in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) organize actors into classes to define their roles, attributes, and interactions. They showcase attributes and primary keys in the system and highlight connections between classes. Each class includes variable values with a primary key in one part and related actions in another. “Class diagrams are versatile tools used in various software development contexts to quickly draft an informal diagram outlining how a system should be constructed” (Nalimov, 2021).
Fig.4 illustrates the class diagram, showcasing classes and their corresponding properties.
To complete the system, I introduce the final class: the Bill. As the guests conclude their evening, it's time for payment. The Bill class is associated with the Order class in a one-to-one relationship. It requires a unique ID, records the customer ID, and the payment type. Additionally, it features two methods: one for payment and another for cancelling the payment, should the restaurant owner decide to be generous. Similarly, Let's introduce two more classes: the Waiter and Chef. They are linked to the Order class, where the waiter "takes" the order, and the chef "prepares" it. Additionally, the Menu Items class is associated with the Order class, allowing menu items to be added or removed through its methods. Additionally, let us proceed assuming the guests are seated at their assigned table in a high-tech restaurant where they can check in and submit orders via smartphones. Each customer becomes part of the system, necessitating a customer class and an Order class. The Customer class requires basic attributes like name, contact number, and a unique customer ID. It also includes methods such as "checkIn," "checkout," "lastVisited," "cancelOrder," and "modifyOrder" to interact with the system.
DATABASE DESIGN
Classes (Operations & methods omitting)
Customer (customer_ID, prod_id,prod_name, prod_type,prod_price, order_date, delete_order)
Administrator (admin_id, username, password, profile_id, role, status, date_reg)
Product (prod_id, prod_name, prod_type, prod_image, date_insert)
Primary Key = Underlined and Bold
Foreign Key =” *”
SKELETON TABLES
o Physical Database Design
o Skeleton Tables
Fig.5 illustrates the query diagram for creating data tables.
Fig.6.0 Skeleton table (users)
Fig.6.1 Skeleton table (products)
DATA DICTIONARY
The data dictionary contains comprehensive information about all database tables. Users can easily locate specific databases and access the information they require.
FIELD NAME | DATA TYPE | LENGTH | INDEX | NULL | VALIDATION RULE | DESCRIPTION |
Admin ID (PRIMARY KEY) | Int |
| PK | NO |
| Verify an admin of the system |
Username | Varchar (100) | 100 |
| NO | This field should include @symbol | Username of admin |
Passwords | Varchar (30) | 30 |
| NO | This field should also include special char | Password of admin |
Profile_image | Varchar | 50 |
| NO |
| Profile_image Of admin users |
Role | Varchar (50) | 50 |
| NO |
| Role of admin |
Status | Varchar (50) | 50 |
| NO |
| Admin status |
Fig.6.2 Data dictionary table (admin)
FIELD NAME | DATA TYPE | LENGTH | INDEX | NULL | VALIDATION RULE | DESCRIPTION |
Product_ID (PRIMARY KEY) | Int |
| PK | NO |
| Verify product of the system |
Profile_image | Varchar | 50 |
| NO | Set image location | Profile_image Of all products |
Product_price | Varchar(30) |
|
| NO |
| Price of products |
Date_insert | Varchar(30) |
|
| NO |
| Date inserted product |
Fig.6.3 Data dictionary table (products)
8.0. Project progress and challenges faced, along with adjustments in plans.
Throughout the project, I faced various challenges, especially with software development using Apache NetBeans IDE. Initially, I planned to use this IDE for my report and design, but I didn't fully explore it until later in the development process. I encountered difficulties such as finding plugins, fixing issues, and installing tools, which made the task more complex than I expected. Additionally, potential users in a local African restaurant in Ghana may struggle with language barriers, limited computer skills, software bugs, and cultural differences. To address these challenges, I created a detailed plan listing required software and divided tasks into manageable parts. However, unforeseen problems could prolong project completion.
8.1. Potential remedies and self-reflection
After thorough research, supervisor feedback, YouTube tutorials, and testing, I've decided to tackle the challenges of using complex software in a local African restaurant in Ghana by creating a user-friendly solution with C# and the .NET Framework IDE. This approach involves developing a simple interface with easy navigation and clear instructions tailored to local users. Leveraging C# and .NET allows for efficient development of robust features like real-time data processing and system integration. Providing comprehensive training and ongoing support ensures user confidence. Regular updates based on feedback will enhance functionality. Good time management and self-reflection helped me handle project tasks effectively alongside other responsibilities.
8.2. COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT WITH SUPERVISOR
Since this project is solo, teamwork is not necessary, so communication needs are minimal. However, it's crucial to keep others informed and involved when necessary, such as updating the supervisor and communicating with the manager. Even though it's just one person working on the project, good communication ensures smooth progress. My main contact is Marc Conrad, my supervisor, with whom I've had several meetings to discuss different project aspects. He encouraged me to reach out whenever needed, and we stay in touch through my student email or brief chats in the hallway. Meetings occur as needed for feedback, which works well for me as I can manage my time. Marc Conrad's guidance and advice are invaluable. As the software progresses, I plan to schedule regular meetings for updates. Improved communication with my family is also essential to ensure they understand my plans. Balancing university tasks with determined and spontaneous work helps me stay on track. More meetings are planned to showcase progress and receive feedback from my supervisor in the future.
8.3. Progress Achieved and Tasks Completed
In this report, I have reflected on my progress and work. Generally, things are on track, but there are areas for improvement, such as initiating tasks sooner and increasing meetings with my supervisor. I have encountered some challenges, but I have also taken responsibility for them and gained valuable lessons. I'll record these lessons to prevent similar issues in the future. There's still significant software development ahead, especially in the initial stages without a clear framework. Nonetheless, I'm following the plan and remain optimistic that things will become smoother as I proceed.
8.4. Project Artifact
1. USER LOGIN GUI • login screen interface to users, allowing them to input their credentials and authenticate themselves to access the system or application.  | 2. REGISTER USER GUI • This function typically includes collecting necessary information from the user, such as username, password, email address, and any other required details, and then validating and storing this information securely in the system's database.  | 3. Admin Dashboard • This serves as a powerful tool for administrators to efficiently monitor, control, and optimize the functioning of the system, enhancing productivity and facilitating effective decision-making.  |
4. Cashier Dashboard • Cashiers or staff members can access customer information, view purchase history, and manage customer accounts or loyalty programs, providing personalized service and support  | 5. Product Dashboard • This provides a centralized repository of product information, including product descriptions, pricing, images, and specifications, enabling users to manage and update the product catalogue easily.  | 6. Saff UI • Staff UI ensures that staff members have appropriate access permissions based on their roles and responsibilities, maintaining data security and confidentiality within the organization.  |
9.0. USER TESTING
User testing is a critical phase in the development of the Esther Restaurant Management system, ensuring that the software meets the needs and expectations of its intended users effectively. Several testing methods were employed to evaluate the system's usability, functionality, and overall user experience. One approach involved conducting structured usability tests with representative users, including restaurant managers, staff, and customers. These tests involved scenarios and tasks designed to assess how easily users could navigate the system, perform common actions such as placing orders or managing reservations, and accomplish their goals efficiently. In addition to usability tests, the system underwent rigorous functional testing to verify that all features and functionalities worked as intended. This involved systematically testing each component of the system against predefined criteria and user requirements to identify and address any bugs, errors, or inconsistencies. Automated testing tools were also used to streamline the testing process and ensure comprehensive coverage of the system's functionality. Furthermore, feedback from stakeholders, including restaurant owners, managers, and staff, was collected throughout the development process to inform decisions regarding system design, functionality, and user interface. This feedback was invaluable in identifying areas for improvement, addressing user pain points, and refining the system to better meet user needs. Based on the results of user testing and stakeholder feedback, several decisions were made regarding the implementation and refinement of the Esther Restaurant Management system. This included prioritizing certain features or enhancements based on user feedback, addressing critical issues or bugs identified during testing, and making adjustments to the user interface to improve usability and accessibility. Overall, user testing played a crucial role in ensuring the success of the Esther Restaurant Management system, helping to validate its design and functionality, identify areas for improvement, and ultimately deliver a high-quality product that meets the needs of its users effectively.
9.1. Client Evaluation
Client evaluation is vital for refining the Esther Restaurant Management system. Testing will involve me, users, and my supervisor. Users will engage with the application, performing tasks like placing and managing orders and managing reservations, providing feedback on their experience. I'll actively seek their input to understand their needs and preferences better. This feedback will guide improvements and future development. Additionally, my supervisor will evaluate the application's design and functionality, ensuring it meets the required standards. Their insights will be invaluable in refining the system.
This collaborative evaluation process aims to enhance usability and effectiveness. By incorporating feedback from various stakeholders, the Esther Restaurant Management system can evolve into a robust and user-friendly solution that meets the needs of both restaurant staff and customer.
9.2. PROJECT LIMITATION
Fig.1. Project artifact bugs and errors encountered.
The error "Connection failed System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index and length must refer to a location within the string" typically occurs when attempting to access or manipulate a string using an index or length that is out of range. This means that the code is trying to access a part of the string that does not exist, resulting in the ArgumentOutOfRangeException. To resolve this error, you should review the code that is accessing the string and ensure that the index or length being used is within the valid range of the string. Check for any calculations or operations that might result in an index or length that exceeds the string's boundaries.
9.3. IMPROVEMENT AND FUTURE WORKS
In the future, I aim to enhance my time management by scheduling tasks earlier and communicating more with my family and supervisor. I also plan to document any issues I encounter to learn from them and improve future projects. Improving my coding skills and establishing a clear software development framework will be essential for smoother progress. Additionally, I will continue to hold regular meetings with my supervisor for guidance and feedback. By focusing on these aspects, I aim to overcome challenges more effectively and successfully complete my project.
9.4. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this project has been a valuable learning experience, allowing me to develop and apply various skills in software development, time management, and communication. Despite encountering challenges along the way, such as software complexities and communication barriers, I have persevered and made significant progress. Moving forward, I am committed to continuing my efforts to refine my skills, address any remaining issues, and deliver a successful final product. I am grateful for the support and guidance received from my supervisor and the valuable feedback provided by users. Overall, this project has been a rewarding journey of growth and learning.
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